Quercus ilex - The holm oak, also known as the evergreen oak, grows to heights of 20 to 27 meters. Older leaves are dropped every 1 to 2 years, but only after new ones have emerged. It is one of three oak trees associated with truffles. The roots of the oak form an ectomycorrhiza relationship with truffles, similar to the symbiotic relationships formed between plants and animals. Holm oaks are known for their longevity; some Maltese trees are estimated to being over 1,000 years old.
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Malta’s strategic position in the Mediterranean Sea has made it a coveted piece of property for several imperial powers. The Phoenicians, Romans, Normans, Sicilians, French, and the British fought for control. The British gained control of Malta through the 1814 Treaty of Paris. Malta was granted independence from Great Britain in September of 1964. The country is a seven island archipelago closer to Africa than Europe. Malta is a member of the European Union, having joined in 2004.
