European Red Squirrel - San Marino

San Marino, a micro-state, is one of two enclaves surrounded by Italy; the Vatican City is the other. San Marino is the 3rd smallest country in Europe and 5th smallest in the world. It consists of 8 municipalities and a capital city. The country was founded in 301 and claims being the oldest and the smallest republic in the world. 

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Sciurus vulgaris - The European red squirrel is well adapted for an arboreal life; sharp claws secure it to the tree, strong hind legs allow it to leap around the canopy, and a long tail helps to maintain balance as it moves from branch to branch. The bushy tail is also used as an insulator. It is wrapped around the squirrel’s body during sleep for added warmth against the cold European nights. The red squirrel feeds primarily on seeds, but will also eat berries and nuts. It stores excess food for later use, a trait common to all squirrels.

Cyclamen Repandum - San Marino

Cyclamen repandum - The genus Cyclamen contains 23 species of perennials. The plants grow from tubers and are easily recognized from their upturned petals and heart-shaped leaves. They are native to Central Europe and the Mediterranean basin extending as far east as Iran. Cyclamen repandum prefers rocky soils near wooded areas and is often found in close association with pine forests. The plant has been in decline throughout its native habitat resulting from the horticultural trade.

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San Marino resisted attempts to be drawn into the Papal States. It also managed to retain its independence from Italy during the Italian unification process. Declaring neutrality during World War I, the small country blocked Italian efforts to extend influence into San Marino’s affairs; Italy was afraid the enclave could be harboring Austrian spies. Despite the government being under the control of the Sammarinese Fascist Party, San Marino also maintained a neutral position during World War II.