Despite having to regain his title as sultan twice after being disposed by rivals, Sultan an-Nasir Mohammad managed to lead the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt to its furthest territorial conquests by 1317. The Ottomans absorbed Egypt into their empire as an eyalet after defeating the Mamluks in 1516 during the Battle of Marj Dabiq. An eyalet was a term used to describe a province under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. The Sultanate of Egypt was a short-lived protectorate state established over the country by the British after they took full control of the area from the French and the Ottoman Empire. The Kingdom of Egypt was established by the British in 1922 as a means of placating Arab demand for an independent state, but it allowed Great Britain to retain control of Egypt’s foreign policy and military affairs until Egypt declared itself a republic in 1953.
